Temporal Lobes in the Cerebral Cortex

The temporal lobe is one of the four main lobes or regions of the cerebral cortex. It is located in the largest division of the brain known as the forebrain (prosencephalon). As with the frontal,  occipital, and parietal lobes, there is one temporal lobe located in each brain hemisphere. Temporal Lobes The temporal lobes are responsible for sensory processing, auditory perception, language and speech production, and memory storage.The temporal lobes are located in the prosencephalon or forebrain between the occipital and parietal lobes.Important structures within the temporal lobes include the olfactory cortex, the hippocampus, Wernickes Area, and the amygdala.The amygdala controls many autonomic responses to emotional stimulants and is also responsible for memory sorting and storing.Damage to the temporal lobes can result in impaired auditory perception, difficulty understanding and producing language, and memory loss. The temporal lobes play an important role in organizing sensory input, auditory perception, language and speech production, as well as memory association and formation. Structures of the limbic system, including the olfactory cortex, amygdala, and the hippocampus are located within the temporal lobes. Damage to this area of the brain can result in problems with memory, understanding language, and maintaining emotional control. Location The temporal lobes are anterior to the occipital lobes and inferior to the frontal lobes and parietal lobes. A  large deep groove known as the Fissure of Sylvius separates the parietal and temporal lobes. Function The temporal lobes are involved in several functions of the body related to thought and sensory processing, including: Auditory PerceptionMemorySpeechLanguage ComprehensionEmotional ResponseVisual PerceptionFacial Recognition The temporal lobes aid in auditory processing and sound perception in addition to being vital to language comprehension and speech production. Speech and language-related tasks are accomplished by Wernickes Area, which helps to process words and interpret spoken language. Another primary role of the temporal lobes is memory and emotion processing and the most important brain structure involved in this is the amygdala. The amygdala receives sensory information from the thalamus and other areas of the cerebral cortex. Limbic structures of the temporal lobe are responsible for regulating many emotions as well as forming, processing, and classifying memories based on new and existing information. The amygdala, with the help of the hippocampus, aids in memory formation and connects emotions and senses, such as smell and sound, to memories. This mass of cells sorts through memories to determine where they will be stored long-term and also controls many autonomic responses to different stimulants such as the fight or flight response to fear. Damage to the Temporal Lobes Damage to the temporal lobes can present a number of issues. A stroke or seizure that impacts the temporal lobes can result in an inability to understand language or speak properly. An individual may also have difficulty hearing or perceiving sound if they have suffered trauma. Additionally, temporal lobe damage may lead an individual to develop anxiety disorders or aggressive behavior—memory loss and hallucinations sometimes follow. In certain cases, patients even develop a condition called Capgras Delusion,  which is the belief that people, often loved ones, are not who they appear to be.

Smoking Must Be Banned from All Public Places Essay

In this lifetime, all the public seems to be worried about is effects of global warming. Everyone is trying to make the environment safer so that Earth does not combust within the next 50 years. Yes, that is a global crisis, but there is one forming right under the publics’ nose, literally. The effect of second- and third- hand smoke is something that has become a hot topic and put on the back burner until recently. Some states have adopted a law that prevents smoking in places like restaurants and bars, but that isn’t far enough. Banning smoking in all public places will significantly improve the health of innocent bystanders, which is something the public should want to strive for. More than 42,000†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"It is especially toxic for babies still in the womb [and] infants†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Nordqvist). Tar can remain in the lungs one inhaled. Second-hand smoke has almost the same effects as first-hand. It can cause cancers, heart problems, and lung problems if chronic exposure is evident. Third-hand smoke is also something that has come about in the last few years. Third-hand smoke is smoke that can be found on clothes, hair, and in ventilation systems of smoking establishments. In recent years, many states have taken steps forward in banning smoking in public places. Approximately 21 states are 100 percent smoke-free in non-hospitality workplaces, restaurants, and bars (â€Å"†). Although the other 29 states are not 100 percent smoke-free, cities and counties within these states have taken it upon themselves to pass local laws prohibiting smoking in such public areas (â€Å"†). Since some of these laws have been implemented, heart attack hospitalizations fell an average 15 percent, while stroke hospitalizations fell 16 percent and hospitalizations for respiratory disease fell 24 percent (Szabo). 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Integration of Clinical Information Systems

Question: Discuss about the Integration of Clinical Information Systems. Answer: Introduction The hospitality business is profoundly competitive as well as the interaction between the guests and the hotels staff is basic to get positive and valuable guest experiences. The staff of the hotel needs to behave and communicate properly with customers as well as with the staff members of the hotel. The hotel Accor plans to create the education in the work environment and help its representatives in enhancing their capacity to convey and comprehend the desires of their part as well as the guest's requirements. The successful stay of guests at the hotel basically depends upon the way the hotel staff behaves and communicates with its guests and the ambience they create for them. When the guests make their reservation to the hotel, they firstly check out the hotels front-office department, and the housekeeping department. The engineering department must need to be in constant and proper communication with the front-office so that they can provide their guests all the basic facilities a nd services. The main objective of many hotels and restaurants is to avoid showing their guests as to how much work and effort it takes to make it sure that their stay in the hotel is easy, natural and instantaneous. It is necessary that the delivery of different services should appear simple, with no weakness noticeable to the hotels guests. This study includes the situation of one large hotel from the hospitality industry named as Hyatt where the Hotel Hyatt faces a problem situation as there is a huge inter-departmental communication problem among the staff members of the Hotel. Description of the problem Communicating transparently and regularly is the most ideal path for pioneers to keep the fingers on the success of their hotels. The Planning standard division registration, authority group gatherings and all staff discussions may appear like a considerable measure, however, they are extraordinary apparatuses for giving a stage to colleagues for making inquiries and trade thoughts. Customarily, Hyatt Hotels are considered as a chain of upscale hotels giving the top-notch client benefit services, Hyatt Touch is the mark term which is used to depict these sort of services. But now maintaining the Hyatt standards in order to provide the best customer service has become a forefront or a major issue for the hotel as there is a huge problem in the communication between the inter-departments of the Hotel. Here is a situation which the Hotel Hyatt faces a problem situation and this situation completely shows that the Hyatts hotels need an effective inter-departmental communication plan to achieve the smooth service delivery. A guest named as Smith, has heard so much about the Hyatt hotels and after checking out the excellent reviews, he decided to stay for the very first time in the Hyatt hotel just for one night and gave them an opportunity to gain their best business. But completely opposed to the reviews, Smith had the worst experience with the hotel services, such as, when he entered into his room, it was not at all clean and he noticed that the bulbs are on the floor and service trays are there which was used by some previous guests. When Smith asked about this mess to the room service assistant, he got a reply that the room service department was not informed about the guests arrival by the housekeeping manager, and when Smith went to the housekeeping manager, they blamed the hot el managers and this process continued till the engineering department of the Hotel. This scenario clearly shows that there was a lack of inter-departmental communication. Typically, whenever a guest checks-in or book his/her stay in the hotel, a particular room attendant surely gets allotted for the service of the room as well as the attendant have to prepare the room before the arrival of the guests. While cleaning the entire room, the room attendant may notice some issues, such as, unwashed bed-sheets, curtains, and that the room is dirty then he/she must inform the house-keeping department about the issues and ask them to fix it as soon as possible. Since the success of the hotel is totally based on the teamwork, it is completely the obligation of the room attendant to call operators and front desk of the hotel so that the appropriate departments can react and take care of the required services of the guests. The Engineering and Management department has the similar obligations while repairing the guestroom (Agarwal, 2012). But in the case of Smith, it has been noticed that the inter-departmental communication was not at all effective in the hotel. Before the hotel room has been made available to Smith for night stay, the Engineering as well as other departments of the hotel must need to fix all the issues and then they also need to inform the Housekeeping department to finish their duties of making the room clean and tidy for the next guest. Therefore, an effective inter-departmental communication is necessary for the Hyatt hotel to remain in the race of the hotel business. There is a huge increment in inter-departmental communication barriers in affecting the reputation of Hyatt, many other hotels also got effected badly because of the barriers in the inter-departmental communication. The main problem that Hyatts staff members are facing is that the messages aren't passed consequently to the right person at the correct place on correct time. At Hyatt, it has been detected that the workers of Hyatt aren't ready to take steps to improve their inter-departmental communication. Therefore, the expectations of hotel managers are not met at all, which is badly affecting the productivity of the hotel. Because of this problem, misunderstanding and conflicts have arisen among the supervisors and the staff of the Hotel in making appropriate decisions and in provision of the best services to its customers as seen in the case of Smith. The continuance doesn't permit the staff to properly arrange, implement and organize their jobs if the managers of the hotel don't set guidelines and objectives (Budzowski, 2014). Finally, the inter-departmental communication problem in hotel decreased the revenues as well as put negative impacts on Hyatts productivity. The communication is imperative once making the rooms ready before the guests arrival, however, it's not the sole time in which departments of the Hyatt hotel ought to communicate with one another (Dann and Hornsey, 2014). In case of Smith, all the departments of Hyatt ought to stay in good communication relation throughout the stay of Mr. Smith. If there would be an effective inter-departmental communication, Smith might not have faced all such problems which he had to face during his stay at the Hyatt. If there was an effective bonding between the staff of every department, then at the time when Smith had called the front office manager, he/she might have called the respective departments for the cleaning of Smiths room. If the staff members of other departments have responded positively to the call of the front office manager and took it as their responsibility to make the right person to do the right job to provide best services to their guests (Ivanov, Kuzyk and Simachev, 2012). It ought to be noted that it's not simply the hotel operator which has the responsibility for the guests requests for different services, however, everybody within the Front workplace ought to be trained to apprise the varied departments in case of a problem. At Hyatt, the team members of different departments did not take seriously their planning of tasks, thus, leading to an ineffective, and less productive hospitality services to its customers. Therefore, updated information about tasks and services were not usually distributed. On the off chance, there has been a lack of care of guests, as guests ask for higher remuneration, such as, free of cost dinners, highly upgraded services, etc., lack of which diminishes the revenue and productivity of the hotel (Molina, Saura and Velazquez, 2011). No individual department of the Hyatt hotel can work in detachment. The housekeeping office, is the only department at the Hyatt which is working towards fulfilling the requirements of the visitors, and every other department is reliant on others for data and administrations to be proficient. Inside the rooms division, housekeeping department fundamentally facilitates the maintenance as well as the front-office department among all co-appointment ass ociations at the Hotel. The Front-office, housekeeping, and maintenance department of the hotel must need proper inter-departmental communication as all these departments rely upon these three divisions to make a good image of the hotel and to earn good review from the customers (Pandya, 2010). To guarantee the effective staying of visitors, both housekeeping as well as the front-office department need to educate the staff members about the changes in the rooms and also about the current status of the rooms. Knowing whether a room is involved, empty, on change, out on request, under repair, or comparative for appropriate room administration (Pruvli and Alas, 2014). But at Hyatt not even a single department tries to co-operate with each other and make efforts to understand the needs of the customers as well as the other departments of the hotel. Mastering the specialty of communication in the hotel industry goes beyond the words and the correct conduit for acknowledging successful communication is essential in every hospitality industry. Overall the hospitality areas affect an approximate of 1.86 million workers of hotel industry, 4.9 million rooms of guests, and 62.2 percent of common people associated with the hotel industry, therefore, an effective inter-departmental communication is very necessary for the hotel (Rutherford, 2011). The uninterrupted, unified communication with the hotel is considered as the loss of productivity as well as the loss of revenues of the hotel Hyatt. An effective communication makes an image of the hotel and best words are used by the visitors to share the reputable updates of the hotel through social networking sites, TripAdvisor, and all other digital media sources. A negative review of the hotel effects almost thirty new customers of the hotel. Hyatt Hotel continues to show the creation as well as the delivery of visitor experiences, especially when talked about the major aspects of technology, for example, facilities available in the rooms, lobby rooms, and high tech rooms (Schwaner, 2011). But to confirm that the effective inter-departmental communication provides the complete satisfaction to the visitors or the guests of the hotel, safety of guests property and guests demographics is essential. The hotel client service items have the property of incorporating, which is given by various offices and staff. Inn benefit quality is great or terrible that relies only upon the level of participation and coordination between the various divisions and staff. Numerous chiefs are worried with the performance of the staff members of their departments, instead of co-operation with different divisions, the relating obstruction will be in the long run surge the visitors (Shuaib and Tiwana, 2013). Enhancing the cross-departmental collaboration to make changes as these changes prof oundly impact the way of life of the Hotel. Individuals will feel awkward being compelled to work with colleagues as they have possessed to stay away from previously. How to enhance the Communication Begin the conversation: At Hyatt, managers need to conduct a weekly leadership conference with department chiefs. Basically for uniting everybody and opening the lines for effective communication. Shared objectives and relational abilities are also needed to be addressed. Figure out what data are required: To facilitate the inter-departmental dialogs with respect to the sort of data is required as what is not being precisely or auspicious shared, and how to enhance this (Stymne, 2011). Discuss how to impart: Are inter-departmental desires to be shared by means of email, and private correspondence, verbally? Who ought to be replicated and when? What is the normal follow-up? Ask these inquiries and share desires. Broadly educate: Improved understanding, through employment pivot of each other's obligations and exercises will prompt an energy about how offices cooperate and influence each other. This prompts better correspondence. Two-way digital radios: Two-way digital radio applications as well as tools are designed to significantly improve the business and enhance the communication skills among the staff members. These digital radios help Hyatt to create the best guests experience by providing communication solutions to the employees as with these radios the staff members can easily communicate with each other effectively from anyplace. Focus on the speed and time of fast response is important when it comes to customer satisfaction and security. The Portable Radio enables the employees in providing excellence to their roles in the hotel, as well as its impact on visitors is also positive (Sylvie, 2013). The capability to easily share information with a speech or include the text so sharply satisfying the request involves only a few steps. The collaboration between the communication staff is strong, thus improving the productivity as well as the satisfaction level of the guests. By leading through the follow ing methods, i.e., digital radio and communication applications to further serve the hospitality sector for cutting the modern technology and style. In addition to the hospitality, these are also used in radio manufacturing, transport and the logistics, education, along with the public security sectors (Tellis, 2015). The front-office is assumed as a crucial part in conveying accommodation to the visitors. It sets the phase for a wonderful or an unsavory visit. Visitors, frequently in a new setting and on edge to continue with their business or excursion arrangements, are anxious to take in as to who, what, when, where, and how are their new conditions. These workers expect to have their chief on the beat of the association and the group. Powerful Inter-departmental Communications The messages for promoting and dealing division must be handed-off totally, precisely, and rapidly. The switchboard administrator is a crucial connection in correspondence between the imminent customer and a sales representative in the promoting and deals division (Tewari, 2012). The front-office director ought to educate all the new faculty of the front-office in the promoting and deals office and about what every individual's occupation involves. The front-office representatives ought to know as to how to articulate the names of all showcasing and deals workers. To help the front-office staff to get comfortable with every one of these individuals, administrators ought to indicate the new representatives photos to the office executives and bosses. The demands for administration at gatherings, courses, dinners, and so forth are needed to be regularly made at the front-office (Wellington, 2010). The meal administrator, a man who is in-charge of fulfilling the subtle elements of admini stration for a feast or extraordinary occasions, or deals relate, a man who books the visitor's necessities for dinners and other uncommon occasions, may be occupied with another capacity. Each division ought to build up a rundown of the sort of data they feel is missing from different offices. This ought to have to-know, not pleasant to-know, data. Properly directed group building can drastically enhance how well office heads function with each other. Typically, this requires the utilization of an outside expert with experience in getting the senior directors to blend as a group. The standard working techniques ought to incorporate strides that blueprint as to when and how the data ought to stream between the offices. Rotating representatives through different divisions can help them become more acquainted with their associates and pick up a fuller comprehension of what they do (Wang, Tian and Zhang, 2012). This will give representatives a more adjusted point of view of how the fun ction of the association is led and the significance of sharing data between offices. The supervisors of Hyatt need to spend the biggest bit of their time in verbal or composed communications with their representatives or outside gatherings. The other staffs part imparts among themselves, and in addition to their chiefs, bleeding edge workers and providers, et cetera, to give and get the data they have to play out their employments. Conclusion The powerful and effective inter-departmental communication guarantees that all different departments rely on the similar page as work circumstances change at the hotel. One office may roll out an improvement that influences the other division. If the primary department of the hotel doesn't convey or communicate properly with other the departments, there must be seen a disarray, dissatisfaction and outrage in the services offered by the hotel. Without the successful inter-departmental communication, the Hyatt hotel can wind-up in confusions, with an absence of inspiration among the representatives and the absence of respect as well as trust between the inter-departments. It has also been concluded that effective communication is the most vital and the most utilized part of the tourism as well as the hospitality industry. References Agarwal, D. (2012). The Importance of Communication within Organizations: A Research on Two Hotels in Uttarakhand.IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 3(2), pp.40-49. Budzowski, B. (2014).Human resource management applied research reports. 1st ed. [Beaver Falls, Pa.]: [Geneva College]. Dann, D. and Hornsey, T. (2014). Towards a theory of interdepartmental conflict in hotels.International Journal of Hospitality Management, 5(1), pp.23-28. Ivanov, D., Kuzyk, M. and Simachev, Y. (2012). 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(2011). Interdepartmental Communication and Intraorganizational Strain.Acta Sociologica, 11(1-2), pp.82-100. Sylvie, G. (2013). Departmental Influences on Interdepartmental Cooperation in Daily Newspapers.Journalism Mass Communication Quarterly, 73(1), pp.230-241. Tellis, W. (2015).Improving interdepartmental communication through the integration of clinical information systems and the application of mobile computing technology. 1st ed. Tewari, J. (2012).Hotel front office. 1st ed. New Dehli: Oxford University Press. Wang, Y., Tian, S. and Zhang, C. (2012). Study of Comprehensive Assessment of Traffic Safety and Decision-Making Support System Based on the Inter-Departmental Data Requirements.International Journal of Computer and Communication Engineering, pp.472-474. Wellington, P. (2010).Effective customer care. 1st ed. London: Kogan Page.